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Easy Tips to Memorize English Irregular Verbs List
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| English Irregular Verbs |
Rule - 1
Verbs with alternates
Base Form Past Past Participle
bet bet/betted bet/betted
bid bid/bade bid/bidden/bade
burst burst / bursted burst / bursted
bust bust/busted bust/busted
let let let
quit quit/quitted quit/quitted
rid rid/ridded rid/ridded
wed wed/wedded wed/wedded
wet wet/wetted wet/wetted
Note - 1 bade and bidden are old forms
Note - 2 Many grammarians consider “bust” illiterate. Therefore, avoid it in formal writing.
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Verbs With Just One Past Form
Rule - 2
1. Final consonant changes to “t”.
Base Form past Past participle
bend bent bent
build built built
dwell dwelt/ dwelled dwelt/ dwelled
lend lent lent
rend rent rent
send sent sent
spend spent spent
Rule - 3
Changes to “ght”. (Notice which two are spelled with “au”.)
Base Form past Past participle
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
fight ought ought
seek sought sought
teach taught taught
think thought thought
Vowel “I” (long i) changes to “ou”.
Base Form past Past participle
bind bound bound
find found found
grind ground ground
wind wound / winded wound / winded
Rule - 4
Vowel “ee” changes to “e”.
Base Form past Past participle
bleed bled bled
breed bred bred
creep crept crept
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
flee fled fled
keep kept kept
kneel knelt knelt
meet met met
sleep slept slept
sweep swept swept
weep wept wept
Rule - 5
Vowel “ea” stays “ea” with different pronunciation.
Base Form past Past Participle
deal dealt dealt
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed
mean meant meant
read read read
Rule - 6
Vowel “ea” changes to “e”.
Base Form past Past Participle
lead led led
leave left left
plead pleaded / pIed pleaded / pIed
Note: “Pled” should be avoided in formal writing.
Rule - 7
Vowel i changes to u. (Don't confuse these with verbs with two past forms going from i to a to u.)
Base Form past Past Participle
cling clung clung
dig dug dug
fling flung flung
sling slung slung
slink slinked slinked
spin spun spun
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
string strung strung
swing swung swung
wring wrung wrung
Rule - 8
Vowel changes from “I” to “a“ in Past, to “u” in past participle.
Base Form past past participle
begin began begun
drink drank drunk
ring rang rung
shrink shrank shrunk
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
spring sprang sprung
stink stank stunk
Rule - 9
Changes only in past.
Base Form past past participle
come came come
run ran run
Rule - 10
Verbs without alternates
Simple past past participle
cast cast cast
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
put put put
set set set
shed shed shed
slit slit slit
split split split
spread spread spread
thrust thrust thrust
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